TEST 2 - Merrill's Positioning and Anatomy // Cramberry: Create & study flash cards online

Cards

Anterior aspect of scapula Costal Surface

Deep depression on superior border Scapular notch

Large protrusion on dorsal surface of scapula Spine

Lateral extension of scapular spine Acromion

Extends from the superior angle to the inferior angle Medial border

Lage fossa at lateral angle Glenoid cavity

The junction at the lateral and medial borders Inferior Angle

the junction at the medial and superior borders Superior angle

extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle lateral border

extends from the superior angle to coracoid process Superior border

slender, fingerlike projection extending anteriorly and laterally from near the lateral angle Coracoid process

large depression on the costal surface subscapular fossa

area above the scapular spine on dorsal surface supraspinous fossa

large broad area below spine on dorsal surface infraspinous fossa

large rounded eminence of humerus that articulates with glenoid cavity humoral head

constriction of shaft inferior to tubercles of humerus surgical neck

narrow constriction of humerus superior to tubercles anatomic neck

bony process on the anterior surface of shaft of humerus, inferior from the anatomic neck lesser tubercle

bony process on the lateral surface of the humerus greater tubercle

deep depression of humerus that seperates the two tubercles intertubecular groove

scapularhumoral joint is what type ball and socket

what is the name of the ridge of the scapular spine crest

bone classification for scapula flat

lateral end of clavicle acromial

medial end of clavicle sternal

clavicle articulates with what structures? Manubrium of sternum(SC) and acromion of scapula (AC)

What classification of bone is clavicle? Long Bone

At what level of the clavicle (in reference to the ribs) horizontal oblique plane just above 1st rib

What classificatio of joint are the SC and AC joints? Synovial

What type of joints are the SC and AC joints? Gliding

Which gender of adults has more sharply curved clavicles? Males

New tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled tumor

transfer of a cancerous region from one area to another metastases

form of arthritis marked by progressive cartilage deterioration in synovial joints and vertebrae Osteoarthritis

increased density of atypically soft bone Osteopetrosis

malignant tumor arising from cartilage cells chrondrosarcoma

chronic systemic inflammatory collagen disease Rheumatoid arthritis

How many surfaces, borders and angles does scapula have? Surfaces 2, Borders 3, Angles 3

what bone forms the anterior part of the shoulder girdle clavicle

small synovial fluid filled sacs that relieve pressure and reduce friction in tissue are called______? bursae

Large depression on the costal surface subscapular fossa

how many articulations does the shoulder girdle have? 3 --- SC, AC, SH joints

what type of movement do the articulations of the shoulder girdle have? freely moveable (Synovial)

What type (functional) of joint are the joints of the shoulder girdle AC - gliding, SC - double gliding, SH - ball and socket

Where should the central ray be be directed in AP Shoulder projection perpendicular to a point 1" inferior to coracoid process

For AP projections for the shoulder the patient's respiration should be__________? suspended

Which positioning maneuver puts the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR AP - External rotation

Which positioning maneuver puts the humeral epicondyles at 45 degrees to the IR AP neutral rotation

Which positioning maneuver puts the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR AP - Internal rotation

Which projection of the shoulder shows the greater tubercle in profile? AP - External rotation

Which projection of the shoulder shows the lesser tubercle in profile? AP - Internal rotation

Which projection of the shoulder shows the outline of the lesser tubercle between the humeral head and greater tubercle in? AP neutral rotation

the transthoracic lateral projection may be performed with patient upright or_______ supine

which change in techical factors should be used to aid the blurring of lung detail by the action of the heart when the patient is able to hold his or her breath for a sustained period? Use low mA/long exposure time combination with the usual mAs factor

(Transthoracic Lateral projection) How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed if it cannot be directed perpendicular to IR because patient cannot elevate uneffected shoulder 10-15 degrees cephalad

T or F (inferosuperior axial projection) When the patient is recumbent, the IR should be placed in the bucky tray False

T or F (inferosuperior axial) When the patient is recumbent, the head and upper torso should be elevated 3 inches True

T or F (inferosuperior axial) When using a horizontally directed CR, the patient should be placed in a supine body position True

(Inferosuperior axial) - Into which rotational position should the humerus be placed external

(Inferosuperior axial) - how many degress should the CR be directed in the medial direction 15-30 degrees

(Inferosuperior axial) - what positioning factor determines how many degree the CR should be directed medially? greater abduction-- greater angle (If patient can abduct 90 degrees then CR is at 30 degrees)

T or F (inferosuperior axial) - the coracoid should be seen pointing anteriorly True

T or F (inferosuperior axial) - the greater tubercle should be seen in profile False

T or F (inferosuperior axial) The scuplohumeral joint should be seen slightly overlapping True

T or F (inferosuperior axial) The lesser tubercle should be in profile pointing anteriorly True

T or F (inferosuperior axial) The AC joint, acromion and acromial end of clavicle should be seen through the humeral head True

T or F (PA Scapular Y) The patient should be slightly rotated to the place the affected shoulder in contact with the IR True

T or F (PA Scapular Y) In an image of a normal shoulder, the humeral head should be directly superimposed over junction of scapular Y True

(PA Scapular Y) Breathing instructions suspend

How much body rotation is necessary for PA Scapular Y? 45-60 degrees

(PA Scapular Y) With reference to the thorax, where should the scapular body be demonstrated in the image of the PA oblique projection? along the lateral aspect, but not superimposed

(AP Oblique - Grashey) What is the correct amount of obliquity towards the affected side? 35-45 degrees

(AP Oblique - Grashey) The scapula should be perpendicular or parallel to the IR parallel

(AP Oblique - Grashey) What is the proper arm position ? abducted with slight internal rotation

(AP or PA clavicle) Breathing instructions suspend at end of exhalation

(AP or PA clavicle) Which projection shows best recorded detail? PA better because of reduced OID

T or F (AP or PA clavicle) Should demonstrate the entire clavicles free from superimposition with other bony structures False

T or F (PA Scapular Y) Scapular body should overlap thorax False

(PA Scapular Y) Evalution criteria 1. Acromion seen laterally and free of superimposition 2. Coracoid process superimposed on or slightly below clavicle

(PA Scapular Y) Humeral head in profile at Y. If humeral head is below coracoid process, then what type of dislocation is present? Anterior dislocation

(PA Scapular Y) If humeral head is displayed below acromion, then what type of dislocation is evident? posterior dislocation

(AP Oblique - Grashey) What should be in profile? Glenoid cavity

(AP Oblique - Grashey) How should the joint space appear? open between humeral head and glenoid cavity

(AP or PA Axial clavicle) What angle should the CR be directed? 0-15 supine, 15-30 prone

(AP or PA Axial clavicle) breathing instructions Suspend at end of full inspiration to further elevate angle of clavicle

(AP or PA Axial clavicle) Most of clavicle projected above ribs and scapula with the medial end overapping which ribs? first or second

(AP or PA clavicle) Evaluation: Lateral half of clavicle above scapula, with the medial half superimposing thorax at which ribs? between 3-5

(AP or PA Axial clavicle) What CR angle should you use on a thinner patient in a supine position 30 degrees. less for a heavier patient

(AP axial clavicle) CR angulation 15-30 degrees cephalad

(PA Axial clavicle) CR angulation 15-30 degrees caudad

(AP Scapula) CR placement Perpendicular to a point 2" inferior to coracoid

(AP Scapula) Breathing instructions slow breathing

(AP Scapula) Which scapular border should be seen free from superimposition with the ribs? lateral border

T or F (AP Scapula) Images should demonstrate the area of the scapula, including glenoid cavity and coracoid process with superimposition of the ribs True

(AP Scapula) Images should demonstrate the acromion process and the ___________angle inferior

(Lateral Scapula) When the arm is placed over the head, which area of the scapula is of interest? The Body

(Lateral Scapula) What is the arm placement when you wish to demonstrate the acromion and corocoid place arm on upper chest grasping opposite shoulder

(Lateral Scapula) CR placement perpendicular to midmedial border of protruding scapula

(PA Scapular Y) CR Placement crest of spine, exiting scapulohumeral joint

(Lateral Scapula) Images should demonstrate which borders superimposed? lateral and medial

(Lateral Scapula) The __________process and _________angle should be demonstrated acromion; inferior

Which borders unite to form the superior angle? Medial and superior

Which borders unite to form the inferior angle? medial and lateral

(Transthoracic Lateral projection) breathing instructions suspended full inspiration

In which body position should the patient be placed the demonstrate the left shoulder with the PA Oblique (Scapular Y)? LAO

Which projection of the shoulder joint requires the patient to be rotated until the midcoronal plane forms an angle of 45-60 degress with the plane of the IR? PA Oblique (Scapular Y)

What would be the required patient position to demonstrate left shoulder using AP Oblique (Grashey method)? 35-45 degrees LPO

The foot contains _____ bones? 26

How many phalanges does the foot contain? 14

How many tarsals of the foot? 7

tarsals Calcaneus

calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform Tarsals

Largest tarsal bone Calcaneus

Second largest tarsal Talus

Talus articulates with: tibia, fibula, calcaneus, navicular

position of the talus most superior position of foot

Cuboid position lies on lateral side of foot between calcaneus and 4th and 5th metatarsals

Navicular position lies on medial side of foot between talus and three cuneiforms

Largest cuneiform medial cuneiform

smallest cuneiform intermediate cuneiform

Metatarsophalangeal joints are _______type ellipsoidal

The tarsal joints are _________type gliding

the interphalangeal joints are ______type hinge

The ankle mortise contains which two joints? talofibular and tibiotalar

The cuboidonavicular joint is ________type syndesmosis (slightly moveabl

The ankle joint is also called the ________ ankle mortise

The ankle mortise is formed by articulations of the------------? lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia

The foot is divided into what three parts for descriptive purposes forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot

The hindfoot contains: talus and calcaneus

The midfoot contains: 3 cuneiforms, navicular, cuboid

The forefoot contains: metatarsals and toes

What are the names of the arches of the foot? longitudinal (shock absorber) and transverse (assists in supporting longitudinal arch

Tarsal bone classification SHORT

The Great toe joint Interphalangeal joint

Which tarsal bone articulates superiorly on the calcaneus Talus

(AP Axial Toes) CR angulation 15 degrees

(AP Axial Toes) CR placement 3rd MTP joint

(AP Axial Clavicle) CR Angulation - Upright 15-30 DEGREES CEPHALIC

(AP Scapula) Part position Abduct arm and flex elbow, center affected scapula to grid

(Lateral Scapula) CR placement Perpendicular to mid medial border of scapula

Dancer's (Jones) fracture evulsion fraction of the base of the fifth metatarsal

Pott's Fracture evulsion fracture of the medial malleolus with loss of the ankle mortise

(Scapular Y PA Oblique) CR placement perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint or crest of spine of scapula

(Lateral Scapula) CR placement Mid medial border of scapula

(AP Scapula) CR placement perpendicular to point approx. 2" inferior to coracoid process

(AP Scapula) Breathing instructions slow breathing to obliterate lung detail

(AP, Oblique, Lat Toes) IR size 8x10