Historical Figures and Facts of Embalming
Cards
Civil War embalmer.
Dr. Richard Burr
Embalmed Willie Lincoln, son of President Abraham Lincoln, and later embalmed the President Lincoln himself in 1865.
Henry P. Cattell
Described his method of embalming, which omitted evisceration.
Gabriel Clauderus
Said to have dissected more than 30 corpses to produce hundreds of anatomical illustrations.
Leonardo Da Vinci
Wrote the book "History of Embalming".
Jean Nicolas Gannal
1st documented African American embalmer.
Prince Greer
Translated "History of Embalming" into english.
Dr. Richard Harlan
Discovered blood circulation.
Dr. William Harvey
Father of embalming in the U.S.A.
Dr. Thomas Holmes
The region of the body he described is named "Hunter's Canal".
Dr. John Hunter
1st to inject through the Femoral Artery.
Dr. William Hunter
Invented the microscope, also considered the first microbiologist.
Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
Father of microscopic anatomy.
Marcello Malpighi
Rediscovered and improved ligature to control bleeding, podalic version (changing the position of an unborn infant within the uterus) to facilitate delivery, and designing of artificial limbs.
Ambroise pare
Wrote the book "History of Egyptian Mummies".
Thomas Pettigrew
The founder of occupational medicine.
Bernardino Ramazzini
Father of embalming in Europe.
Dr. Fredrick Ruysch
Wrote the books "Principals of Restorative Art" and "Principals and Practice of Embalming"
Clarence G. Strub
Wrote the book "Embalming: History, Theory, and Practice" the standard textbook used today.
Robert G. Mayer
Greek historian, said ancients had options of caskets.
Herodotus
Egyptian god of the underworld.
Osiris
Engraved in a metal plate and pressed into hot wax after incisions were closed.
The Eye of Osiris
Human Shaped Coffin.
Mummiform
Mummies in the Canary Islands.
Xaxos
Solid stone coffin, translates to flesh-eater.
Sarcophagus
Marked incision lines.
Scribe
Black flint knife in canary islands.
Tabona
Person who made incisions.
Dissector
Black flint knife.
Ethiopian stone
A salt solution from the dry lakes of the desert.
Natron
The year of the discovery of blood circulation.
1628
The city of the dead.
Necropolis
The 3,000 year journey required for the soul to return to the body.
Circle of necessity
First ancient people to cremate their dead.
The Greeks
Birthplace of modern embalming.
Europe
The 4 jars in which contained the liver, stomach, lungs, and intestines.
Canopic jars
The jar that held the stomach.
Jackal's head
The jar that held the lungs.
The ape's head
The jar that held the liver.
The human head
The jar that held the intestines.
The hawk's head
The modern period of embalming.
1861 - present
Started Dodge Chemical Company.
A.J. Dodge
Inventor of the gravity fluid injector.
Dr. John Morgan
Inventor of the trocar.
Samuel Rodgers
5 steps in egyptian preparation:
1) Removal of the brain, 2) Evisceration, 3) Covering in natron, 4) Removal from natron, 5) Wrapping and spicing.
The board that oversees american mortuary schools.
American Board of Funeral Service Education. (ABFSE)
Egyptian period of embalming.
3200 B.C. - A.D. 650
Wrote a detailed instruction on anatomy, chemistry, embalming procedures, instruments, and details of undertaking practice called "The Undertakers Manual".
Dr. Auguste Renouard
Period of the anatomists.
A.D. 650 - 1861
Cremation by heated water and an alkaline solution.
Resummation
The act passed on the British Isles that allowed cadavers to be used for educational purposes.
The Warburton Act of 1832
A condition in which the body has an abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or tissues.
Edema
In the beginning of the ______ century in the United States, seperation of the fields of embalming and medicine was complete.
20th
Natural means of preservation: obtained without the deliberate intervention of humans.
Freezing, Dry cold, Dry heat, and Nature of the soil at the place of interment
Artificial means of preservation: secured by the deliberate action of humans.
1) Simple heat, 2) Powders, 3) Evisceration and Immersion (The Egyptians), 4) Evisceration and drying (The Guanche Method), 5) Evisceration, local incision, and immersion (Europe, particularly France A.D. 650 - 1830) 6) Simple immersion, 7) Arterial injection and evisceration, 8) Cavity injection and immersion, 9) Arterial injection, 10) Arterial injection and cavity treatment, 11) Artificial cold
A waterproof plug for trocar punctures, bullet wounds, and intravenous needle punctures.
Trocar button
