Fluid and Electrolyte

Cards

ICF 2/3 of water in an adult, provides a medium for chemical functions, and the major cation is K
ECF compromises the other 1/3 of total body water; consists of interstitial and intravascular fluid (plasma), provides a transport system to and from cells and maintains BV, a major cation is Na, as well as electrolytes Cl- and HCO3 (bicarbonate)
Blood osmolality changes & ADH (antidiurectic hormone) Increase osmolarity (resulting in concentrated >HCT>HGB>BUN) will trigger release of ADH. ADH will release urine output by kidneys, increasing permeability of H2O; osmolality increases
hydrostatic pressure the pressure blood exerts against vessels; water pushing pressure
osmotic pressure pressure exerted by an increased concentration of solutes in a compartment; water pulling pressure
hypertonic solution used to tx. edema & 3rd spacing; solutions are used to replace electrolytes an shift fluids from the ICF to ECF; cell decreases in size because salt sucks; D10;D5NS;D51/2NS;D5RL(55dextros in ringers lactated)
hypertonic solution used to tx. burns and dehydration; solutions cause fluid to shift from the ECF into the ICF; more solutes inside cell, cell increases in size; 1/2NS; 1/3NS; 1/4NS
isotonic solution expands vol. of blood; prevents osmolality changes, equal solutes on each side; no cellular changes; osmolarity between 270-300; D5W, D5WNS, LR (lactated Ringers) are only solution that has electrolytes