IFSTA Chapter 4 // Cramberry: Create & study flash cards online

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The force that tends to push the mass of a material together. Compression

A roof assembly with a curved or arched top cord and a horizontal bottome cord. These can have catastrophic failure when exposed to heat. Bowstring Truss

This type of construction allows fires to spread - often undetected from basement to attic through hollow walls Balloon Frame

The total potential heat release if a building and it's contents burned. Fire Load

A non load bearing wall extending down from a roof or ceiling to limit horizontal fire spread. Curtain Wall

A pitched roof characterized by square cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to the eaves. Most common style roof on homes and other small buildings. Gable Roof

Roof with single roof line from which roof sections on both sides descend at different pitches. Common on farms and barns. Gambrel Roof

A horizontal structure member used to support beams or joists. Girder

A pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls. Common roof style on many newer residences. Hip Roof

An inaccessible or accessible space between layers of building material. This space like attics and cocklofts, unless properly protected can allow fire to burn undetected or to spread throughout a building. Interstitial Space

Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Joists

A roof characterized by steeply sloped facets surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section. Mansard Roof

A very common building assembly because of its strength compared to their cost. When exposed to fire they lose strength quickly. Open Web Joists

The degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to high heat. Spalling

The most common building material used in North America. Wood

Wall that is used for structural support Load Bearing Wall

A type of load bearing wall shared by two adjacent structures. Party Wall

The reaction of wood to fire depends on two factors... The size of the wood and its moisture content.

A type of wall that provides separation that meets the requirements of a specified fire resistance rating. Fire Wall

_____ walls extend beyond the structure that supports them. Cantilever Walls

A primary concern from a firefighting standpoint with this material is that the bolts or other connections which hold this material in place will fail causing the heavy material to fall. Cast Iron, which is rarely used in modern construction. Used as a veneer.

A 50ft beam, may elongate by as much as _____ when heated from room temperature to about _____ Deg. F May elongate by as much as 4inches, when heated from room temp to about 1000 F.

Reinforced concrete which performs well under fire conditions, can lose strength through _____. Spalling

_____ is an inorganic product from which plaster and wallboards are constructed. Gypsum

The water content gives gypsum excellent _____ and _____ properties. Heat Resistance and Fire Retardant Properties

_____ is not typically used for structural support. It is most often used in sheet form for doors and _____ Glass, windows

Type I Construction Fire Resistive

Type II Construction Noncombustible

Type III Construction Ordinary

Type IV Construction Heavy Timber

Type V Construction Wood Frame

This type of construction maintains its structural integrity during a fire and that is intended to allow occupants time to exit, Type I (Fire Resistive)

This type of construction consists mainly of reinforced concrete with structural members that are protected either by blown on insulation or automatic sprinklers. Type I (Fire Resistive)

In this type of construction the primary fire hazards are the contents of the structure and the interior finishes. Type I (Fire Resistive)

The ability of Type _____ construction to confine fire can be compromised by openings made in partitions and improperly designed HVAC systems. Type I (Fire Resistive)

This type of construction is made of the same materials as fire resistive construction except that the structural components lack the insulation or protection of Type I. Type II (Noncombustable)

In this type of construction, the heat buildup from a fire in the building can cause structural supports to fail Type II (Noncombustable)

The primary fire concern specific to _____ construction or type _____ construction is the problem of fire and smoke spreading through concealed spaces. Ordinary Construction, Type III

Type _____ Construction requires that the exterior walls and structural members be made of noncombustible or limited combustable materials. Type III (Ordinary)

Interior structural members of this type of construction including walls, columns, beams, floors and roofs are completely or partially made of wood. Type III (Ordinary)

Type IV Construction is also known as _____ Heavy Timber Construction

_____ construction was used extensively in old factories, mills and warehouses. This type of construction is rarely used today in new construction except for decorative purposes. Type IV (Heavy Timber)

The primary fire hazard for _____construction is the massive amount of combustable contents presented by the structural timbers in addition to the contents. Type IV (Heavy Timber)

This type of construction is susceptible to rapid interior flame spread. Type IV (Heavy Timber)

_____ construction is the type commonly used to construct the typical single family residence or apartment house up to _____ stories. Type V (Wood Frame), Up to 7 stories.

This type of construction is susceptible to total collapse due to fire or explosion. Type V (Wood Frame)

This type of construction is resistant to collapse from earthquakes due to light weight and flexibility. Type V (Wood Frame)

Walls constructed of _____ have recessed windows and doors. Hay Bales

True or False: Immediately report any unusual building conditions that you observe to your supervisor or to command. TRUE

Awareness of immediate surroundings is... Situational Awareness

HVAC Units, Water Tanks, or other Heavy Objects are considered _____ loads. Dead Loads

There are two primary types of of dangerous conditions that may be posed by a particular building. Conditions that contribute to spread and intensity of fire. Conditions that make building susceptible to collapse.

_____ fire loading is perhaps one of the most critical hazards in commercial and storage facilities because fire can overwelm the fire sprinkler system and make it difficult for FF's to gain access. Heavy Content Fire Loading

_____ are the final outside layer that is placed on top of a roof deck. Roof Coverings

History has shown that _____ in particular even when treated with fire retardant material can significantly contribute to fire spread. Wood Shakes

The collapse zone which is the area that extends horizontally from the base of the wall to _____ times the height of the wall or building. 1 and 1/2 times the height of the building or wall.

Signs of potential building collapse include... Cracks in walls, presence of tie rods and stars, Loose bricks, deteriorated morter between masonry, walls that are leaning

True or False: No personnel or apparatus should be allowed to operate in collapse zone except to to cautiously place an unmanned master stream device, then immediately withdraw once they are in operation. True

Metal gusset plates are small metal plates with points or prongs that penetrate about _____ into the wood. 3/8 inch

Lightweight wood and steel trusses can fail after _____ to _____ minutes of exposure to fire. 5 to 10 minutes

For steel trusses _____ Deg. F is the critical temperature. 1,000 Deg. F

_____ trusses are used in buildings that require large open spaces without supporting columns such as auto dealerships, bowling alleys, and factories. Bowstring Trusses

Bowstring trusses should be suspected in any building with a _____ (_____) roof. Rounded or Arched.

Those vertical or horizontal forces that tend to pull things apart; for example the force exerted on the bottom chord of a truss. Tension

True or False: If one member fails, the entire truss is likely to fail. True

What is a course of bricks laid with the ends facing outward. Because the ends of the bricks are smaller than the sides this type of construction is easy to identify as unreinforced masonry construction. Header Course