IFSTA Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Cards

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A pitched roof characterized by sqaure-cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to eaves. These Gable Roof
A wooden or metal structural unit made up of one or more triangles in a flat plane. Truss
A vertical structural member in a frame wall. ___ walls are what wall covering are screwed into. made of either wood or light gauge steel. Stud
Degradation of concrete due to prolonged exposure to high heat. Water trapped with in the concrete is vaporized by the heat and expands, causing the concrete to break apart. spalling
A pitched roof that slopes in one direction only from the ridge. Shed Roof
Plywood, osb, or wooden planking applied to a wall or roof over which a resistant covering is applied. sheathing
A roof with a profile a vertical and sloping surface that resemble a saw blade. These roofs are common on older industrial buildings, but many are still exsisting. Sawtooth Roof
Concrete that has been poured into forms that contain an interconnected net work of steel rebar. Reinforced concrete
Short for reinforcing bar. These steel bars are placed in concrete forms before the cement is poured. Adds considerable strength to concrete. Rebar
Two or more construction components combined to form a assembly that has a specific fire resistance rating. A fire door is a rated assembly. Rated Assembly
Beams that span from a ridge board to an exterior wall plate to support roof decking. Cutting _____ can seriously weaken a roof and should be avoided Rafters
A wooden structutal panel formed by gluing and laminating very thin sheets of wood together under pressure. ______ is still used but has been replaced with osb. plywood
Frame type construction in which each floor interupts the exterior studs forming an effective fire stop at every floor. this is the most common type of construction used to frame modern residences and other small buildings. Platform construction
The top or bottom horizontal member of a frame wall. The sole _____ is nailed or screwed to the subfloor, and the top plate is what the roof assembly rest on. Plate
A roof that is sloped (pitch) to facilitate run off. pitched roofs range from those that are flat to those that are extremely steep such as church roofs. pitched roof
The ratio of rise to span of a roof assembly the steeper the ______, the greater the slip hazard unless roof ladders are used. pitch
A wall shared by two adjoining buildings. Usually a load bearing wall that is also a fire wall. the failure of a roof assembly attached to a _____ _____ can affect the structural integrity of adjoining buildings Party wall
A wall at the edge of some roofs. Most ___ walls range from a few inches to a few feet in height, but they can be high enough to require a ladder to reach the rood from the top of a wall. At night these can be a trip hazzard for fire fighters. Parapet
A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel. These trusses are used as floor joist in multi story buildings and as ceiling joist in buildings with flat roofs. Parallel chord truss
A joist constructed with a web composed of materials such as bars or tubes that do not fill the entire web space. These are very common in buildings because of there strength compared to there cost. When exposed to fire the lose there strength quickly. Open web joist
A mixture of sand, cement, and water used to bond masonry units into a solid mass. the joints between bricks a filled with ________. _______ joints are sometimes the easiest to penetrate when a masonry wal must be reached. Motar
A roof characterized by steeply sloped facets surrounding a flat or nearly flat center section. Many remodeled buildings have false _____ _____ that consist of a fascia added to an existing flat roof. In some cases, the fascia forms a concealed space in which fire can burn undetected. Mansard roof
An arch constructed of short wooden members connected in a specific geometric pattern. While rare in modern construction, these roofs assemblies can still be found in many older buildings. Lamella Arch
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall is screwed into ceiling _____, and sub floor is naileed or screwed to the floor______. Joists
An accesible or inaccessible space between layers of building materials; and attic or cockloft some times used to huse HVAC and other machinery. Like attics and cocklofts, unless properly protected, these spaces can allow fire to burn undetected or to spread through out a building. Intersitial space
Abbreviation for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Unless properly protected with automatic fire dampers the duct work associated with these systems can allow smoke and fire to spread throughout a building. HVAC
A pitched roof in which the ends are all beveled so that there are no gable walls. A common roof style on many residences. Unlike gable roofs, in ________ the attic vents are only under the eaves or on the roof. Hip roof
Course of bricks laid with the ends facing out ward. Header courses are only used in unreinforced masonry. Header course
Interior finished material consisting of calcinated gypsum, Starch, Water, and other additives sandwiched between two sheets of specially treated paper; Dry wall. Gypsum Board
A wooden structural member composed of relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long, extremely strong beam. Because of the mass of most ______, they resist fire extremely well compared to other materials. Glue-lam Beam
A horizontal structural member used to support beams or joists. _____ are almost always of larger dimensions than the members they support. Girder
A roof characterized by a single ridge line from which roof sections on both sides of the ridge descend at two different pitches. These roofs are common on barns and other form structures. Because of the differing angles of the slopes, _______ roofs can make roof ladders difficult to use on them. Gambrel Roof
A wall rising to meet a gable roof at the end of a building. These walls are found only at the ends of gable roofs and they often include an attic vent near the top of walls. Gable wall
A pitched roof characterized by sqaure - cut ends and sides that slope down from the ridge line to eaves. these are the most common roof style on homes and other small buildings. Gable Roof
A roof that is flat or nearly flat relative to horizon. Many Commercial buildings have ______. Covered with tar and gravel or other weather proof material. ______ lend themselves to being opened for vertical ventilation. Flat Roof
Total potential heat release if a building and it's contents burned. The _____ of a fully stocked lumber yard is a great deal higher than that of and empty building of the same demension. Fire Load
A rated assembly consiting of a solid core door, door frame and hard ware. _____ are used to confine a fire to one room or section of a building by closing a communicating opening when triggered by fire. Fire door
A wooden I-beam consisting of continuos wooden upper and lower chords seperated by a web of osb or similar sheet rock engineered I-beams are very strong and resist fire well. Engineered I-Beam
The edge of a pitched roof that over hangs an outside wall. attic vents in typical eaves provide an avenue for exterior fire to enter the attic. Eave
Gypsum wall board. A fire resistive wall covering also called sheet rock Drywall
Planks or panels of plywood or osb that forms the substrate of a roof assembly. In vertical ventilation through a roof, the decking must must be removed from the ventilation opening to realize the full effect of the opening. Decking
Non load bearing exterior wall used as a weather barrier but not for exterior support used on many high rise buildings, the outside walls (often sheet glass in frames) are ______ Curtain Board
Horizontal layer of masonry units. A row of bricks is an example. Course
A vertical supporting member. Columns may be wooden or steel posts. Steel post often support lightweight roof assemblies and if unprotected by surface insulation, steel post may fail quickly in a fire. Column
An open space between the roof and ceiling of a commercial or industrial building. Usually found under flat or nearly flat roofs. In a fire, these spaces act in much the same way as attics. cockloft
A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. This material has replaced plywood and plankings in the majority of construction. Roof decks, walls, and subfloor are examples of uses. Oriented Strand Board
A beam that is unsupported at one or both ends. Typically used to support beams on apartments and some office buildings. Cantilever
A v shaped roof in which the two sides slope toward valley in the middle. An unusual type of roof that is raely seen in cold climates where snow load is a factor Butterfly Roof
A roof assembly with a curved (arched) top chord and a horizontal bottom chord. These assemblies are very strong except when exposed to direct flame contact when catastrophic failure without warning may occur. Bowstring Truss
A horizontal structure component subjected to vertical loads. Typical beams are steel or wooden I-beams or large- demension wooden members. Beam
A joist constructed of steel with bars in the vertical web space. A common structural component in office buildings and other commercial structures. Very high strength to weight ratio except when exposed to heat of fire then early failure is likely. Bar Joist
A type of wood frame construction in which the studs in exterior walls extend from the basement or foundation to the roof. this type of construction allows fires to spread often undetected from the basement to the attic through the hallow walls. Balloon frame
An open space between the roof and ceiling of a building; most commonly found in a single and multi family residental occupancies. ___ provide open spaces in which fires can burn undetected or spread thoughout a structure. Attic
Two or more interconected structural components combined to meet a specific function or design requirement. Typically ____ are roof trusses wall frames, and doors including their frames Assembly